A scale development study: Diabetes Awareness and Acceptance Scale

Abstract

Introduction: The present study is original in that it developed a scale based on the theoretical areas of the third-generation approach of mindfulness theory. We developed the Diabetes Awareness and Acceptance Scale (DAAS) to evaluate DM patients' disease awareness and acceptance levels. Methods: This was a methodological study on a sample consisting of 260 participants from different socio-cultural backgrounds to ensure high representativeness. We tested for content validity by content validity ratio (CVR) as well as for construct validity using EFA, CFA, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin analysis and Barlett sphericity tests. Internal scale consistency with item analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown, Guttman, and test-retest correlations were used to study reliability. Results: The twenty-three-item DAAS showed an item-total correlation coefficient of 0.311 to 0.792, indicating a positive correlation between the items (p<0.001). The scale had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.967, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.893, and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.899. Conclusions: The Diabetes Awareness and Acceptance Scale is a valid and reliable scale that may be used for the population. The scale consists of 23 items and two subscales (awareness and acceptance). The total scale score ranges from 23 to 115. The total score of the awareness subscale ranges from 14 to 70. The total score of the acceptance subscale ranges from 9 to 45. Higher scores indicate higher awareness and acceptance levels.