Elaeagnus angustifolia L.: A Comprehensive Review of Its Biological Activities, Phenolic and Chemical Constituents, and Applications

Abstract

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is an important plant species that has a wide geographical distribution and is used for both food and medicinal purposes in different cultures. In this review, the areas of use, medicinal properties, biological activities as well as the chemical and phenolic contents of E. angustifolia reported in the literature are examined. Studies show that this plant has been traditionally used in the treatment of different diseases. In particular, it is noteworthy that it can be a natural drug candidate thanks to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It has been determined that many biologically active chemical and phenolic compounds are found in various parts of the plant such as root, leaf, flower and fruit. It has been determined that these compounds have effects such as neutralizing free radicals, providing anti-inflammatory effects and suppressing microbial infections. In addition, studies on the positive effects and pharmacological potential of phenolic substances found in the composition of E. angustifolia on human health further increase the medical importance of this plant. Natural components, especially polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and essential oils, show that this plant can be a promising source in drug development processes. In conclusion, E. angustifolia is a biologically and chemically rich natural source that can be evaluated in a wide range from traditional medicine to modern pharmacological designs. Advanced studies on this plant can make significant contributions to the development of new treatment approaches.